{"product_id":"a-cross-of-thorns-the-enslavement-of-californias-indians-by-the-spanish-missions-9781610353045","title":"A Cross of Thorns: The Enslavement of California's Indians by the Spanish Missions","description":"The Spanish missions of California have long been misrepresented as places of benign and peaceful coexistence between Franciscan friars and California Indians. In fact, the mission friars enslaved the California Indians and treated them with deliberate cruelty. \"A Cross of Thorns\" describes the dark and violent reality of Mission life. Beginning in 1769, California Indians were enticed into the missions, where they and their descendents were imprisoned for 60 years of forced labor and daily beatings. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe chilling depictions of colonial cruelty in \"A Cross of Thorns\" are based on little known church and Spanish government archives and letters written by the founder of California's mission, Friar Juniperro Serra (who advocated the whipping of Mission Indians as a standard policy), and published first-hand accounts of 18th and 19th century travelers. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTracing the history of Spanish colonization in California from its origins in Spain's 18th century economic crisis to the legacy of racism and brutality that continues today, \"A Cross of Thorns\" is one of the most thought-provoking books ever written on California history.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Elias Castillo\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Craven Street Books\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 04\/01\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 248\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.87lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.60d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781610353045","brand":"Craven Street Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42709502132361,"sku":"9781610353045","price":16.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0636\/9240\/6921\/files\/img_9989d48f-afe0-46f4-ad11-e5af61617d01.jpg?v=1719517501","url":"https:\/\/sonsanddaughtersbooks.com\/products\/a-cross-of-thorns-the-enslavement-of-californias-indians-by-the-spanish-missions-9781610353045","provider":"Sons and Daughters Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}